Who are the people at High Risk for Breast Cancer due to their gene?|Meghna Muskan | Doctors' Circle

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Question by Patient.
Few women in my family have Breast Cancer. Is Breast Cancer genetic? What are the causes and are there any tests to detect it?

Reply by Meghna Muskan.

My role as a genetic counselor is to understand the genetics of a family, To understand the genetics of a family, To understand personal and family history of Cancer, To understand your risk assessment, Help with genetic testing and screening as and whan needed. The most important part of the role of Genetic Counselor is to make sure this process of genetic counseling is made more convenient , well informed and most beneficial for you and family members . Most cancers especially Breast Cancers are random and sporadic occurrences. There are several factors plays a role in contributing to the cancer. These factors could play a role in combination or individually. About 5 to 10% cancers are known as Germline or Hereditary cancers especially in Breast Cancers. There could be a genetic factors that has been transmitted into the consultant from the previous generation. The common genes for Breast Cancer are BRCA gene, they are BRCA 1 genes and BRCA 2 genes. Nowadays there are more than these genes in causing Breast Cancer. Some of the genes causing Breast Cancer could be TP53, CHEK2 , PALP2 etc. In case of a BRCA mutation, the risk of developing Breast Cancer is much higher than non BRCA mutation. In BRCA mutation, there are 60 to 70% chances of developing Breast Cancer. In non BRCA mutation, there are 15 to 50% chances of developing Breast Cancer. Number of family members with cancer , When they were diagnosed? , How they were diagnosed ?, What are the causes of cancer? In case of a non BRCA mutation, they are at a high risk of developing Cancer in comparison to other women. If you are at a high risk, you need to consult a general practitioner or a genetic counselor. If a family member is diagnosed with triple negative Breast Cancer under the age of 50 . A family member with bilateral Breast Cancer under the age of 50. If there are 2 or more family members diagnosed with a specific cancer type (Breast, Ovarian, Uterine Cancer). Any family member diagnosed with cancer at a very early age, below 50 years. If there is a Male Breast Cancer. Any other cancer identified in the family, if it has been tested for and mutation identified. If you have been diagnosed with Breast Cancer your Oncologist might ask you to continue screening even after treatment, because of the chances of developing a second primary Breast Cancer. If your family history puts you at a moderate to high risk of Breast Cancer., then you would have to continue screening. There are several ways by which screening can be done and it can be done at a very young age. If you are at a very high risk of developing Breast Cancer, then you have to go for a risk reducing surgery to prevent further development of cancer. In case of a very high risk of developing Breast Cancer, in case of strong hereditary cancers like BRCA 1 and 2, the doctor might tell for risk reducing surgery for Ovarian Cancer In increased risk of Cancer there are very high chances that there are family members who are at a potential risk. In increased risk of Cancer there are very high chances that there are family members who are at a potential risk. Genetic Counselors can identify who these family members are and ask them to go for screening. Family members we consider for Genetic Counseling are First degree relatives like Parents, Siblings, Children. The chances of your First degree relative developing cancer is of 50% chance, that is 1 in 2. In such case you can consult your Oncologist where you would need to go for a screening or a testing process. In such case you can consult your Oncologist where you would need to go for a screening or a testing process. If a mutation is identified, then they can be asked to go for genetic testing for the mutation identified.



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